UK Points-Based Immigration System Explained

The UK’s Points-Based System (PBS) came into force on 1 December 2020, replacing the previous tier-based system and extending to EU, EEA and Swiss nationals post-Brexit. Our immigration solicitors in Bolton explain how it works.

What is the Points-Based System?

The PBS assigns points to applicants based on various criteria. To be granted a visa under most work routes, applicants must accumulate a minimum number of points by meeting mandatory and tradeable criteria. The system is intended to be skills-led rather than based on nationality.

Main Routes Under the PBS

• Skilled Worker — for workers with a job offer from a licensed sponsor
• Student Visa — for those studying at a licensed institution
• Graduate Visa — for those who have completed a UK degree
• Innovator Founder — for entrepreneurs with innovative business ideas
• Global Talent — for leaders in academia, research, arts and digital technology
• High Potential Individual — for graduates of top global universities

Mandatory and Tradeable Points

For the Skilled Worker route, the 70 required points are split between mandatory criteria (50 points: job offer from a licensed sponsor, appropriate skill level, English language) and tradeable criteria (20 points: meeting the salary threshold, being in a shortage occupation, or having a relevant PhD).

EU Citizens Under the PBS

Since 1 January 2021, EU, EEA and Swiss citizens who were not already in the UK are subject to the same PBS requirements as all other foreign nationals. Those already in the UK by 31 December 2020 were eligible to apply under the EU Settlement Scheme instead.

No Cap on Skilled Worker Numbers

Unlike the previous Tier 2 system, which had annual numerical caps on most categories, there is no overall cap on the number of Skilled Worker visas that can be granted. However, individual job shortages and salary thresholds act as de facto limits.