UK Indefinite Leave to Remain (ILR): Eligibility & How to Apply 2026

Indefinite Leave to Remain (ILR) is the goal of many immigrants living in the UK — it provides permanent settlement, freedom from immigration restrictions, and opens the door to British citizenship. This guide from our ILR solicitors in Bolton covers everything you need to know about eligibility and the application process in 2026.

What is ILR and Why Does It Matter?

ILR (also called settlement or permanent residence) means you can live and work in the UK indefinitely, without needing to renew your visa or comply with work or study restrictions. Once you have ILR, you are not subject to immigration time limits, and you can access public funds without restriction. You also become eligible, after a qualifying period, to apply for British citizenship.

Routes to ILR

Skilled Worker / Work Routes (5 Years)

If you have been working continuously in the UK on a Skilled Worker visa (or predecessor Tier 2 General), you may apply for ILR after 5 years. The key requirements are: continuous lawful employment with a licensed sponsor, meeting the salary threshold at the time of the ILR application, Life in the UK Test, and English at B1 CEFR.

Family/Partner Route (5 Years)

Those who have been in the UK as the partner of a British citizen or settled person for a continuous 5-year period may apply for ILR, subject to the relationship continuing to be genuine and subsisting and the financial/accommodation requirements being met.

10-Year Long Residence

Anyone who has lived lawfully in the UK for a continuous 10 years — regardless of their visa category — may apply for ILR under paragraph 276B of the Immigration Rules. Absences must be within the permitted limits (no more than 540 days in 10 years, no single absence exceeding 184 days unless there were exceptional circumstances).

Tier 1 Investor Route (Now Closed)

The Tier 1 Investor route was closed to new applicants in February 2022. Existing holders continue to progress to ILR under the transitional rules.

The Life in the UK Test

Most ILR applicants must pass the Life in the UK Test — a 45-minute, 24-question test on British history, culture and society. The test is taken at an approved test centre. A pass certificate is valid for life and can be used in future citizenship applications.

English Language Requirement

ILR applicants must demonstrate English proficiency at CEFR B1 level (or B2 for some routes). Evidence can be provided via an approved SELT, a degree taught in English, or a UK GCSE/A-Level in English language or literature.

The ‘Earned Settlement’ Proposals

The government’s 2025 Immigration White Paper proposes significant changes to the settlement rules, including longer qualifying periods for some groups. A public consultation closed in February 2026 and changes are expected to be implemented from late 2026 or 2027. Applicants who can apply before changes take effect may wish to do so promptly — our solicitors can advise on your specific timeline.

ILR Application Process

Most ILR applications are now submitted online via the UKVI portal. Supporting documents are uploaded digitally. Processing times are currently 6 months for standard applications. Priority and super-priority services are available for an additional fee if you need a faster decision.

What Happens After ILR?

Once you have ILR, you can remain in the UK indefinitely. After 12 months (or 3 years if married to a British citizen), you may apply for British citizenship by naturalisation. Note that very long absences from the UK (generally over 2 years) may cause your ILR to lapse.